As far as can be ascertained from historical records, Jaffa always remained outside Hebrew control. During the Assyrian period, Jaffa is listed as belonging to Ashkelon, a Philistine power, and it fell into Jewish hands apparently only during the rule of Simeon Maccabeus (1 Maccabees 12:34). The narrator of Jonah, therefore, must have chosen it knowing well its status, very likely intending to have the prophet seek escape from God's control even before boarding the Tarshish-bound ship.